அலங்கார மீன் வளர்ப்பு மற்றும் உற்பத்தி,
மனதுக்கு இதமான ஒரு பணியாக இருப்பதோடு, ஒரு வருமானம் தரக்கூடிய
தொழிலாகவும் அமைந்துள்ளது. உலகத்தில் 600 வகை அலங்கார மீன்கள் பல்வேறு
நீர் நிலைகளில் இருப்பதாக கண்டறியப் பட்டுள்ளது. இந்திய நாட்டிலுள்ள பல
நீர் நிலைகளில் 100 அலங்கார மீன் வகைகள், நமக்கே உரியதாக இருப்பது
மட்டுமல்ல, இதே அளவுக்கு வெளிநாட்டின் வகைகளும், நம் நாட்டில் வாழ்வது,
நம் நாட்டின் அலங்கார மீன் வளத்தை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறது. /p>
Sunday 13 April 2014
Thursday 9 January 2014
Indian Fish Farms
Fish Farms
Fish farms or fish farming is a form of aquaculture.
The act of fish farming is about raising fish commercially in tanks or
enclosures for human consumption. There are different types of fish
farms that utilize different aquiculture methods.
The first method is the cage system which use cages that are placed in lakes, ponds and oceans that contain the fish. This method is also widely referred to as off-shore cultivation. Fish are kept in the cage like structures and are “artificially fed” and harvested. The fish farming cage method has made numerous technological advances over the years, especially with reducing diseases and environmental concerns. However, the number one concern of the cage method is fish escaping and being loose among the wild fish population.
The second method is irrigation ditch or pond systems for raising fish. This basic requirement for this method is to have a ditch or a pond that holds water. This is a unique system because at a small level, fish are artificially fed and the waste produced from the fish is then used to fertilize farmers’ fields. On a larger scale, mostly in ponds, the pond is self-sustaining as it grows plants and algae for fish food.
The third method of fish farming is called composite fish culture which is a type of fish farming that allows both local fish species and imported fish species to coexist in the same pond. The number of species depends, but it is sometimes upwards of six fish species in a single pond. The fish species are always carefully chosen to ensure that species can coexist and reduce competition for food.
The fourth method of fish farming is called integrated recycling systems which is considered the largest scale method of “pure” fish farming. This approach uses large plastic tanks that are placed inside a greenhouse. There are hydroponic beds that are placed near the plastic tanks. The water in the plastic tanks is circulated to the hydroponic beds, where the fish feed waste goes to provide nutrients to the plant crops that are grown in the hydroponic beds. The majority of types of plants that are grown in the hydroponic beds are herbs such as parsley and basil.
The last type of fish farming method is called classic fry farming this method is also known as “flow through system”. This is when sport fish species are raised from eggs and are put in streams and released.
There are a number of different fish species that are raised on fish farms, the most common fish spices raised are salmon, carp, tilapia, catfish and cod.
The first method is the cage system which use cages that are placed in lakes, ponds and oceans that contain the fish. This method is also widely referred to as off-shore cultivation. Fish are kept in the cage like structures and are “artificially fed” and harvested. The fish farming cage method has made numerous technological advances over the years, especially with reducing diseases and environmental concerns. However, the number one concern of the cage method is fish escaping and being loose among the wild fish population.
The second method is irrigation ditch or pond systems for raising fish. This basic requirement for this method is to have a ditch or a pond that holds water. This is a unique system because at a small level, fish are artificially fed and the waste produced from the fish is then used to fertilize farmers’ fields. On a larger scale, mostly in ponds, the pond is self-sustaining as it grows plants and algae for fish food.
The third method of fish farming is called composite fish culture which is a type of fish farming that allows both local fish species and imported fish species to coexist in the same pond. The number of species depends, but it is sometimes upwards of six fish species in a single pond. The fish species are always carefully chosen to ensure that species can coexist and reduce competition for food.
The fourth method of fish farming is called integrated recycling systems which is considered the largest scale method of “pure” fish farming. This approach uses large plastic tanks that are placed inside a greenhouse. There are hydroponic beds that are placed near the plastic tanks. The water in the plastic tanks is circulated to the hydroponic beds, where the fish feed waste goes to provide nutrients to the plant crops that are grown in the hydroponic beds. The majority of types of plants that are grown in the hydroponic beds are herbs such as parsley and basil.
The last type of fish farming method is called classic fry farming this method is also known as “flow through system”. This is when sport fish species are raised from eggs and are put in streams and released.
There are a number of different fish species that are raised on fish farms, the most common fish spices raised are salmon, carp, tilapia, catfish and cod.
Catfish farming
Catfish are easy to farm in warmer climates. Catfish
are predominantly farmed in fresh water ponds and fed mostly soybeans,
corn and rice. Catfish are often considered one of the more sustainable
fish specifies for fish farming purposes. Cultivating catfish first
began in the 1900s and became commercialized in the 1950s. Catfish is
populous because of its health benefits and market demand. Farm-raised
catfish are usually harvested at 18 months of age where as wild catfish
usually get much bigger. There are a number of catfish species, but the
three most prominent ones are blue catfish, channel catfish, and
flathead catfish.
Tilapia farming
Tilapia is the third most popular fish used in fish
farming or aquaculture, with the first two being carp and salmon. They
have increased in popularity due to their high protein, large size and
growth capabilities. Tilapia is a tropical fish that requires warmer
water to survive. The ideal water temperature is usually between 28 to
30 degrees C. Tilapia fish are known to reproduce rapidly and this is a
challenge for managing tilapia fish species for farming use. If not
managed properly, fish will aggressively compete for food which may
result in stunted growth. Therefore, males are almost used exclusively.
Tilapias are resilient towards fighting off diseases and parasites.
Tilapia fish farming originated in Africa and is popular in Honduras,
Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Indonesia. Tilapia fish require a
cereal-based diet and don’t eat other fish, but they are also considered
to be one of the most invasive fish species.
Wednesday 8 January 2014
Indian Fish Farm
Mr. Padmanabhan Ganesan shares vital information and also
responds to questions from AgricultureInformation.com members on
freshwater fish farming business
With
an abundance of freshwater resources, India has still not been able to
tap even 30 percent of the potential area for inland fish production.
Many entrepreneurs have, however, chosen to take this occupation on
commercial scale. This is best manifested in Andhra Pradesh, which with
10,56,000 tons of inland fish production in 2007-08 ranked next only to
West Bengal, which is far more endowed with water resources. Andhra
Pradesh has emerged among the ranks encouraging farmers to form
cooperatives to take up farming in ponds around Kolleru lake.
Both the Central and State governments have come up with schemes to help the cause of the farmers.
India is a large producer of inland fish, ranking next only to Japan.
[hidepost]
‘In India fish culture is practiced in less than 30 percent of the total areas available’ to this Mr. Ganesan says, I have found that generally Krishi Vigyan Kendra is doing a good job of imparting knowledge but people are not aware of the same. The issue is you should know where the gold is to get it. People don’t have the information about Krishi Vigyan Kendra imparting free training. A person new to agriculture may not know where or whom to approach. Information has to be made easily available. Initially, I also had the same problem and only by searching through several channels, I came to know about Krishi Vigyan Kendra. People do not have any knowledge of the training being offered by them. It should reach the people. I feel that unless they do that, people will not opt to go for fishing.”
Fish culture in ponds
Out of the total inland fish production of over 3.6 million metric tons, more than 60 percent is contributed by fish culture in ponds and reservoirs. The average productivity from ponds on the national level is around 2,500 kg/ha/year, though in Andhra Pradesh and Haryana it is more than 5,000 kg/ha/year, while in some other states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh it is anywhere between 1,500 and 2,500 kg/ha/year. Fish culture is adopted by all kinds of farmers – small and marginal ones, relatively larger farmers and those who do it on commercial scale. Sizes of ponds also depend on how affluent the farmers are.
Ponds less than 100 square meters in area prove unsustainable, while those above 1 hectare are expensive for small players. Many farmers in Tamil Nadu, for instance, use ponds of sizes 30 feet by 30 feet to make their living. On the other hand, water spread of anything less than 10 hectares Ponds can be perennial or seasonal. While seasonal ponds can be used for short-term fish culture, provided they retain water for at least four to five months, perennial ponds are suited for fish culture on a larger scale. Since water dries up in a few months, seasonal ponds are easy to harvest fish. Any perennial pond retaining water depth of 2 meters can be used for fish culture.
Ponds are not the natural habitat of fish; it is rivers and canals. This makes it imperative for farmers to provide food from outside and also create a desirable environment. Fish food is provided in the form of oil cakes and rice bran. But to create conditions suitable for other organisms to grow inside ponds, fertilizers need to be applied. A combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is ideal. Their application depends on the soil quality to a great extent.
To a question from Archidambaram, about 8,000 sq. ft pond with 4 feet water and the water exists 7-8 months in a year, Senior member Padmanabhan Ganesan replies that you can go for Carp varieties (Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, Grass Carp, Common Carp Silver Carp). I suggest you to go for Carp varieties as they are safe/ risk free to some extent and can be manageable. 1 square metre = 1 carp fish, 8000 sq. ft = 743.224 sq. metre. So, you can grow 743 carp fishes. I suggest you grow 40 percent (Catla + Silver Carp), 30 percent (Rohu + Grass Carp) and 30 percent (Mrigal + Common Carp). Since you have mentioned that you will have water for 7-8 months, you can grow the Carp varieties as they can be harvested from 6th month onwards. For this, you need fingerlings of size 8-10 cms and above and not below. Once you get experience in this, then you can go for Murrel, Catfish, Barramuda varieties as they give more profits
With
an abundance of freshwater resources, India has still not been able to
tap even 30 percent of the potential area for inland fish production.
Many entrepreneurs have, however, chosen to take this occupation on
commercial scale. This is best manifested in Andhra Pradesh, which with
10,56,000 tons of inland fish production in 2007-08 ranked next only to
West Bengal, which is far more endowed with water resources. Andhra
Pradesh has emerged among the ranks encouraging farmers to form
cooperatives to take up farming in ponds around Kolleru lake.Both the Central and State governments have come up with schemes to help the cause of the farmers.
India is a large producer of inland fish, ranking next only to Japan.
[hidepost]
‘In India fish culture is practiced in less than 30 percent of the total areas available’ to this Mr. Ganesan says, I have found that generally Krishi Vigyan Kendra is doing a good job of imparting knowledge but people are not aware of the same. The issue is you should know where the gold is to get it. People don’t have the information about Krishi Vigyan Kendra imparting free training. A person new to agriculture may not know where or whom to approach. Information has to be made easily available. Initially, I also had the same problem and only by searching through several channels, I came to know about Krishi Vigyan Kendra. People do not have any knowledge of the training being offered by them. It should reach the people. I feel that unless they do that, people will not opt to go for fishing.”
Fish culture in ponds
Out of the total inland fish production of over 3.6 million metric tons, more than 60 percent is contributed by fish culture in ponds and reservoirs. The average productivity from ponds on the national level is around 2,500 kg/ha/year, though in Andhra Pradesh and Haryana it is more than 5,000 kg/ha/year, while in some other states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh it is anywhere between 1,500 and 2,500 kg/ha/year. Fish culture is adopted by all kinds of farmers – small and marginal ones, relatively larger farmers and those who do it on commercial scale. Sizes of ponds also depend on how affluent the farmers are.
Ponds less than 100 square meters in area prove unsustainable, while those above 1 hectare are expensive for small players. Many farmers in Tamil Nadu, for instance, use ponds of sizes 30 feet by 30 feet to make their living. On the other hand, water spread of anything less than 10 hectares Ponds can be perennial or seasonal. While seasonal ponds can be used for short-term fish culture, provided they retain water for at least four to five months, perennial ponds are suited for fish culture on a larger scale. Since water dries up in a few months, seasonal ponds are easy to harvest fish. Any perennial pond retaining water depth of 2 meters can be used for fish culture.
Ponds are not the natural habitat of fish; it is rivers and canals. This makes it imperative for farmers to provide food from outside and also create a desirable environment. Fish food is provided in the form of oil cakes and rice bran. But to create conditions suitable for other organisms to grow inside ponds, fertilizers need to be applied. A combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is ideal. Their application depends on the soil quality to a great extent.
To a question from Archidambaram, about 8,000 sq. ft pond with 4 feet water and the water exists 7-8 months in a year, Senior member Padmanabhan Ganesan replies that you can go for Carp varieties (Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, Grass Carp, Common Carp Silver Carp). I suggest you to go for Carp varieties as they are safe/ risk free to some extent and can be manageable. 1 square metre = 1 carp fish, 8000 sq. ft = 743.224 sq. metre. So, you can grow 743 carp fishes. I suggest you grow 40 percent (Catla + Silver Carp), 30 percent (Rohu + Grass Carp) and 30 percent (Mrigal + Common Carp). Since you have mentioned that you will have water for 7-8 months, you can grow the Carp varieties as they can be harvested from 6th month onwards. For this, you need fingerlings of size 8-10 cms and above and not below. Once you get experience in this, then you can go for Murrel, Catfish, Barramuda varieties as they give more profits
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